Electromagnet.



No. 677,359. imnm July 2; |9o|.

- v.1. u. mwen. Y.

ELecTnoMAGNET.

(Lpplicltion lod Apr. 17, 1900.) (No Nudel.) 2 Sheets-Sheet No. 677,359. Patented July 2, |901.

4. u. IH'LDEB.

ELECTROMAGNET. l (Appumimmd Apr. 1v. 1900.; (No Modal.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

UNTTED STATES i PATENT Enron.

JOHN D. inEDEE, or YONKERs, NEW YORK, AssieNoR tro 'ri-1E Oris ELEvATOR oonPANY, or EAsr ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

SPECIFICATION forming' part. of Letters Patent No. 677 ,359, dated July' 2, 1901.

,Application filed April 17, 1900.

To 1f/ZZ whom, it muy concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN D. IHLDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of Newy York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electromaguets, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electromagnets, and has for its object to provide what may be termed a multiple electromagnet; and tothese ends my invention consists in the various features of construction and arrangement of parts having the general mode of operation substantially as hereinafter more particularly set forth.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, wherein I have illustrated a preferred form of my invention, Figure lis a front elevation of a device embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation. Fig. 3 is an elevation of a magnet-core frame. Fig. 4- is an end elevation of the same. Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively front and side views of the armaturc. Figs. 7 and 8 are plan and side views, respectively, of the plate supporting the contacts. Figs. 9 and 10 are similar views of the contacts. Fig. 1l is a side View showing a modification of the contacts, and Fig. 12 is a diagram showing one manner ofv using my invention.

While my invention,` which, as above indicated, I have conveniently termed a multiple magnet, is adapted for many and various purposes, andthe details of construction and arrangement of parts can be varied to suit the particular purpose for which it is intended, the form in which I have chosen to illustrate my invention is adapted more particularly for use in connection with means' for controlling the operations of electromagnets such as are described in my Patent No. 612,629, granted October 18, 1898. In this patent, broadly speaking, one of the features comprises the use of a series of electromagnets which are arranged and connected so that they cont-rol resistances in the motorjl circuit, cutting the resistances in and out successively and gradually, as required, and operating automatically in accordance with the variations in the current in the circuit ofthe motor. Such magnets may be used in va- Scrial No, 13,260. (No modelJ rious connections with the motor, and one of the simplest and most desirable connections is to control the resistance of the armaturecircuit of the motor, which resistance is included in the circuit on starting the motor and is gradually and successively cut out as the motor attains a greater speed, producing more counter electromotive force, or other wise, and I will explain thel preferred construction of my multiple electromagnet and Show one mode for controlling or varying the resistance in the armature circuit of the motor.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates a suitable base, preferably of some insulating material, as slate, marble, vulcanite, and the like, upon which the parts of the magnet are mounted. Upon this base are secured a number of magnet-cores B,`which vare shown in the present instance (especially in Figs. l and 2) of a U shape, each having a core-piece proper, B, a yoke-piece B2, and a standard B3, formed in one piece, and there are mounted on the base a number of these cores, iive being show'n in the present instance, although, of course, this number will vary according to the requirements of any particular case. Instead of making thesecore-pieces separate they may be made, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4, in one single frame or casting in which there is a plate or yoke-piece B4,havinganumloer of standards B5 projecting from the upper edge and have ing a number of core-pieces B6 projecting from thelower portion ot' the plate, the plate being cut away, as at B7, for the purpose of lightness. Mounted on these cores is a single coil C, arranged to embrace all the cores, and while this coil may be variously constructed, I have shown a spool consisting of side pieces c c', preferably of brass or some other non magnetic material and having openings c2 for lightness, containing a suitable number of coils of Wire C wound in the usual way, and this coil C can be secured on the cores in any desired manner, and I have shown split pins c? passing through the openings in the ends of the core-pieces B. Also mounted on the base is a suitable plate D, having a number of projecting arms or standards D', and mounted on these arms or standards are the-armatures E, there being as many IOO armatures and standards as there are corepieces in lthe multiple magnet. In the present instance these armatures are made as best shown in Figs. 5 and 6, in which the lower ends arebifurcated, forming arms e, embracing the standards D and pivoted thereto by suitable pivots e', and one of the bifurcated arms e is provided with a projection e2, having an opening through which can pass the conductor hereinafterdescribed. This opening is shown at right angles tothe pivot-bearings of the armature. Projecting from the front of the armature isa lug E', which may be utilized as a weight to make a weighted armature, and whichk also may have a suitable stop E2, shown in the'forxn of a bolt passing squared head e4 of the bolt. These armatures E in the present instance are also contactcarriers, and while various forms of contacts may be used, I have shown in the present instance the free end of the armature as being provided with a perforation e5, in which is supported a contact F, shown in Figs. l and 2 as consisting of a plate or disk f of metal, such as copper, and insulated from the armature by disks f', and the disk-pinf2, attached to the plate of copper, is also insulated from the sides of the perforation e5, as shown, and

the contact is held in placeby a suitable washerand nut f3. Itis of cou rse possible to include the armature in the circuit, and in that event contact F need not be insulated therefrom; but preferably Iinsulate the contact and provide a conductor G, having a connector Gr' secured to the contact F by the nut f3, and this conductor is insulated from and passes through the opening in the projection e2 of the armature and is secured to the binding-screw G?, mounted on the base A in the usual manner. Of course other connections between the contact and binding-screw can be'used; but by arranging the conductor G in this form it maintains a practically constant relation to the armature so far as weight is concerned, and it is held in a convenient position where it is not liable to be disturbed and does not interfere with the adjustment of the armature, as hereinafter set forth.

Coperatingwith the contact F on the armature are one or more contacts H, which are mounted on the standards B3, and while this contact may vary in construction,in Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown a. plate. or socket H', receiving and holding a carbon contact-.block H2, Vand this socket H' is mounted on pins h,

, projecting from a plate H3, securedto the standard B3, and there are suitable springs h' surrounding the pins and holding the plate or socket H" under spring tension, there being split pins h2 in the ends of the pins h. In order to secure good electrical connection between the standard and the contact-block a graphite or carbon block J2, while the other Y comprises or supports a block of copper J3, the two forming what may be termed 'a double contact. It will be seen that the carbon or graphite ycontact-block is thicker than the copper block and normally projects beyond the latter, so that in making contact the copper contact-platef first impinges upon the carbon or graphite block J2, compressing its spring 'and then completing the contact with the copper block J 3. So, too, on breaking contact it is first broken between the two copper plates, the carbon or graphite plate following the armature-contact after it has left the copper plate J 3a certain distance before it completely breaks contact.

brought squarely` against each other when connections are made; but rst the'armature contact-plate impinges 4upon the carbon or graphite contact, and in breaking the metal plates first separate while the carbon contact is still bearing on the armature contactplate, so that the first making and final breaking is done between the metal contact-plate of the armature and the carbonor graphite member of the other contact, thus avoiding the possibility of having the contacts fused together by producing an arc between the metal surfaces. This .construction I have found exceedingly useful, especially in connection with heavy currents, where the yarmatures are intended to operate quickly and where it is essential to have as little resistance betweenrthe contacts as practicable, and

where it is desirable to prevent any sticking or burning or arcing at the' contacts, and I am enabled to utilize all the advantages of broad metallic faces between the contacts and also utilize the advantages of the use o f a carbon or graphite contact in' connection with a metal contact, and thus avoid all the difficulties and attain the advantages due to such construction.

In a multiple magnet such as is described oneQf the principal objects is to arrange the armatures so that they will be operated successively and progressively in accordance with the variations in the magnetic effect of the current passing through the coils of' the magnet, and this may be accomplished in many ways. For instance, the armaturesmay be differently weighted, and when they are With this 'construction the metallic contact-plates are IOO IIO

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in their normal positions (shown i'nFigs. l and 2) the difference in Weight Will determine which armature will operate rst, and I have shown armatures l and 2 as having lugs E of different sizes, and this Will accomplish the result under certain conditions. One way of getting a more reiined adjustment is by nianipulating the bolts E2 so that their heads e4 will be adjusted at different distances from the lower portions of the lugs E and the armatures Will be normally at different distances from their individual magnet corepieces B', and of course they Will be attracted and operated by the magnet according to the strength of the current passing through the magnet-coil or according to the lines of force produced thereby. Other Ways of accomplishing this result known to electricians can also be utilized. o

In Fig. 12 I have shown one circuit wherein my multiple magnet can be used for the purpose of controlling the armature resistance of the motor, and in this diagram M is the armature of a motor, M the shunt field-magnet coils, and m m' m2 m3 sections of an accelerating armature resistance normally included in the armature-circuit- Connected to these sections are the armatures E of the magnet represented by the sections n n n2 n3, and the pole-pieces of the magnet B are represented by the parts o o' o2 o3. Thereis a shunt M2 around the motor-armature, including the coil M3, surrounding the poles of the magnet. In this diagram the squares n n' n2 n3, representing the armatures, are shown as arranged at varying distances from the polepieces o o o2 o3, and it is evident that when the switch S is closed the current passes through the accelerating resistance-sections m m m2 m5 and thence passes through the windings of the motor-armature M, yWhile a certain amount of current will HOW through the shunt-circuit M2, energizing the magnet B to acertain extent, and as soon as this is sufficient to attract the square n, representing one armature, the resistance m is cutout and more current flows through the armature. This in turn causes more current to flow through the shunt M2, and the magnetA is further energized and the square n', representing the second armature, is attracted, cutting out the resistance m', and so on, the sections of accelerating resistance being cut out more or less, according to the amount of current Which iiows through the shunt M2. So, of course, if the amount of current flowing through the shunt falls the various armatures i Will assume their normal positions successively, cutting in the sections m m' m2 m3 of the resistance. In this Way I provide a very delicate as Well as simple means of controlling the armature resistance which is entirely automatic and subject to varying requirements. Of course while I have shown this particular application of my invention, it may be applied in various positions and un`- der various conditions to accomplish dierent results Without departing from the geueral principle of the invention.

I do not herein claim the construction and arrangement of circuits described in connection with an electric motor, (more particularly illustrated in Fig. 12,) as the same is held to constitute a separate invention and Will be made the subject-matter of a separate application.

What I claim is- 1-. A multiple magnet comprising abase, a

plurality of cores mounted on the base, a coil embracing all the cores, and a plurality of armatures cooperating with the cores, substantially as described.

2. 'A multiple magnet comprising a base, a plurality of cores mounted on the base, a coil embracing all the cores, a plurality of standards, and an armature mounted on each standard, substantiall y as described.

3. A multiple magnet comprising a base, a

plurality of cores mounted on the base, a coil embracing all the cores, a plurality of standards, an armature pivoted to each standard, and means for independently'adjusting the armatures with relation to the cores, substantially as described. 4. A multiple magnet comprising a base, a plurality of cores mounted on the base, a coil embracing all the cores, standards, and armatures pivoted to the standards the armatures being provided with lugs, substantially as described.

5. A multiple magnet comprising a base, a plurality of cores mounted on the base, a coil embracing all the cores, standards, armatures pivoted to the standards the armatures being provided with lugs, and adjustable bolts connected to the lugs and bearing on the standards, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a base, a plurality of U-shaped pieces each forming a core, a yoke, anda standard, of a coil embracing the cores, and contacts supported on the standards, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a base, a plurality of. U-shaped pieces each forming a core, a yoke, and a standard, of a coil embracing the cores, contacts supported on the standards, a series of arms, and an armature mounted on each arm-carrying a contact, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a base, of aplurality of cores, a coil embracing'all the cores, a plurality of standards carrying contacts, a plurality of arms, an armature carrying a contact mounted on each arm, and means for independently adjusting the armatures, sub, stantially as described.

9. The combination with an armature provided With a lug and carrying a contact, of a conductor connected to the contact, and a projection connected to the armature for supporting the conductor, substantially as described.

l0. The combination with a pivoted arma-f ture provided with a lug, of an adjustable bolt IOO IOS

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in the lugmeans for securing the bolt in pol' sition, avcontact on the armature, a conductor connected to the contact, and a projection supporting the conductor, substantially as described. I

1l. The combinationl with a contact comprising a plate carrying pins, of a socket mounted on the pins, a contact-block carried by the socket, and springs interposed between the plate and socket, substantially as described.

`12. The combination with an armature carf n rying a metallic contact-plate, of two springcontrolled contacts one of which is of metal v andthe other'of carbon, the contacts being arranged substantially as described so that 

